In the News

Publication Ban in Williams’s Divorce Is Set Aside

The divorce involving the notorious convicted serial killer Russell Williams has taken another detour in the Court of Appeal.*

Williams’s wife, identified only as M.E.H., obtained a publication ban and a sealing order by motion from the Superior Court of Justice on April 12, 2011. Various media outlets then intervened and appealed the publication ban.+

On January 24, 2012, the Ontario Court of Appeal set aside the challenged provisions under the publication ban, unless the ban is further ordered by the court within 14 days.

In its reasoning, the Court of Appeal found that the motion judge correctly identified the legal principles relating to publication bans and sealing orders. However, the evidence at bar could not support that the order was necessary to prevent a serious risk to the proper administration of justice. Absent that finding, said the Court of Appeal, “the orders could not have been made under the controlling jurisprudence.”

Under the jurisprudence, a publication ban should only be ordered when:

(a) such an order is necessary in order to prevent a serious risk to the proper administration of justice because reasonably alternative measures will not prevent the risk; and

(b) the salutary effects of the publication ban outweigh the deleterious effects on the rights and interests of the parties and the public, including the effects on the right to free expression, the right of the accused to a fair and public trial, and the efficacy of the administration of justice.^

The Court of Appeal acknowledged the wife’s right to go to court without fear of harm. “Access to the court should not come at the cost of a substantial risk of serious debilitating emotion or physical harm to the party seeking access,” said the Court of Appeal.

However, in the Court of Appeal’s opinion, the evidence provided by the wife wasn’t enough to justify a sealing order. In particular, the Court of Appeal could not find evidence that the media’s access to items covered by the publication ban would in any way negatively affect the wife’s ability to fully participate in the proceeding. In other words, the dangers of harm claimed by the wife had not been substantiated.

*2012 ONCA 0035

+See my previous post, “On Publication Bans and Sealing Orders in Family Law,” August 17, 2011

^R. v. Mentuck, 2001 SCC 76, at para. 32

This blog is provided for your reference only and is not a substitute for the law. The law may have changed since the publication of this article. This article is not legal advice and should not be regarded as such.

Pei-Shing B. Wang of PSWLaw Featured in World Journal

Our lawyer, Pei-Shing B. Wang 王沛翔律師, was featured in today’s World Journal, a leading commercial newspaper in the Chinese community. Following is a translation of the article:

A York University graduate who is now a practising lawyer, Pei-Shing Wang reminds individuals who would like to become lawyers that in recent years law schools have been emphasizing oral advocacy. Effective presentation skills and English fluency are both important for those who wish to become lawyers.

After one year of senior high school [in Taiwan], Pei-Shing Wang moved to Vancouver to complete his secondary school diploma in 1999. Thereafter he studied commerce at the Rotman School of Management at the University of Toronto and law at Osgoode Hall Law School at York University.

Looking back, Pei-Shing Wang considers his first year of law school very challenging. “The Latin and the legal technical language were very difficult,” said Wang. To become familiar with legal writing, he relied on frequent review of the texts and diligent note taking.

When Wang first arrived at law school, he faced the vast difference between the continental [Taiwanese] law system and the common law system. He managed to let go of concepts not applicable to the common law so he could start again with an open mind, as if learning a second language.

After graduation from law school, lawyer candidates must pass the bar exam and article for 10 months before they are licensed. During the licensing process, the candidates must also demonstrate that they are of good character. No serious run-ins with the law are permitted.

Wang pointed out that visible minorities face additional challenges if they wish to article in major firms. The keys to securing an articling position in a major firm are good grades and fluent English.

According to Wang, an articling position in a major firm pays about $60,000 a year. Once he or she is licensed, the salary doubles or triples.

Although gaining admission to law school is difficult in itself, once the student is there he or she finds that studying law is no easy task. Fortunately, Wang was interested in studying precedents. “If you study law for money,” he said, “you will get bored easily.”

Regarding the tuition fees of $16,000 per year, Wang relied on student loans and scholarships. He recalled that although the lectures took up only about 10 hours per week, the time required to study the materials amounted to five times that much. In his second year, he chose family law, a field that members of the public can relate to. In his third year, he finished his major paper of approximately 10,000 words.

Wang reminds new immigrants that Canadian law may differ greatly from that of their native country. Newcomers to Canada are encouraged to observe the local law. For example, having an extra-marital affair would be grounds for divorce in Canada but not generally considered illegal. In Taiwan, on the other hand, adultery may be considered a crime.

Also, acceptable parenting styles may be quite different from those in immigrants’ native countries. In Canada, if parents still see their children as property and treat them as such, the authorities may become involved. Wang believes that parents should speak to their children when they misbehave.

Click on the image to view the actual file.

Ottawa Withdraws Its Objection in Same-Sex Divorce Case

Within 24 hours of the publication of a Globe and Mail story revealing that the federal government was opposing the divorce of two non-resident lesbians, the government withdrew its objection and promised co-operation to speed up the court proceeding, the Globe reported today.*

The Justice Minister issued a statement on Friday, January 13, saying that the same-sex marriages solemnized in Canada are legal. The minister went on to blame the confusion on the previous government’s poor legislation drafting.

The couple’s lawyer said she received confirmation from senior members of the cabinet that the law will be amended and clarified.

The details of the proposed legislative changes are scant at the moment. Although the lawyer believed that changes will be made to the one-year residency requirement before a divorce can be granted, how exactly it will be changed has not been confirmed.

*Kirk Makin, “Ottawa affirms legality of same-sex marriage” (13 January 2012) Globe and Mail


Ottawa Raises “Divorce Trap” for Non-Resident Same-Sex Couples

The federal government has reversed its policy on same-sex couples who were married in Canada but do not live here, the Globe and Mail reported today.*

In a nutshell, the federal government now takes the position that non-resident applicants have not met the residency requirement necessary to obtain a divorce from the court.

Plus, those for whom same-sex marriage was not legal in their domicile (i.e., where they usually live) did not have the capacity to enter into a same-sex marriage in Canada.

In my humble opinion, the one year residency rule is no surprise. Canadian lawyers who are familiar with family law should not be appalled. It has been the requirement for obtaining a divorce for decades.

However, by raising the the issue of an applicant’s domicile, in my opinion, the federal government is attempting to undo the progress made in the Canadian legal system in recent years.

Legal domicile has become less relevant in modern times. The idea of domicile is that the law governing a person should be that of where the person usually lives.

However, with the advancement of globalization, the idea that a person is tied to his or her primary residence creates questions in law regarding which law is applicable. For example, a worker may work in one country and nonetheless continue domiciles in another. Or a student may go on exchange in a foreign country but still retain domicile in another. Therefore, many countries (including Canada) have moved toward territorial jurisdictions, that is, the local law is applicable if you are physically present in a court’s jurisdiction for both civil and criminal purposes.

Let’s see how this will play out in court.

* Kirk Makin, “Despite legal about-face, Harper has ‘no intention’ of reopening gay marriage,” The Globe and Mail (12 January 2012) A1

This blog is provided for your reference only and is not a substitute for the law. The law may have changed since the publication of this article. This article is not legal advice and should not be regarded as such.

2012 Brings Legislative Changes in Family Law in Ontario

As we welcome 2012, a few legislative changes in family law in Ontario have come into force. Most notably, the new Child Support Guidelines became effective on December 31, 2011, and the pension provisions added under the Family Law Act came into force on January 1, 2012.*

The changes in the Child Support Guidelines reflect taxation changes in recent years. Individual amounts payable may have gone up, down, or remained the same.

If you were ordered to pay child support under the previous table amount, you do not have to change the amount unless the court further orders you to do so or you agree to do so. By the same token, if you are a recipient and would like to have the amount changed, you must either apply to the court to change the order or convince the payor to pay a different amount.

If the Family Responsibility Office (FRO) is involved, you must advise the FRO of any voluntary or court-ordered changes to child support payable.

Keep in mind that spousal support is linked to child support payable. Therefore, changes in child support payable may have an impact on spousal support payable.

The new pension provisions under the Family Law Act were aimed to provide clarity and expediency in dealing with pensions for family law purposes. The Pension Benefits Act was also amended to reflect the changes.+ The preliminary value of the pension, for family law purposes, is determined by the administrator according to the regulations at the valuation date.

If you don’t know the imputed value of your pension, you may apply to your administrator for a Statement of Value. (Application fees may apply.)

Of course, there are several restrictions and provisions as to how the pension may be transferred and paid out. For details, please consult your family law lawyer.

*R.S.O. 1990 C.F3, s.10.1

+R.S.O. 1990 C.P8, s. 67.1-67.6

This blog is provided for your reference only and is not a substitute for the law. The law may have changed since the publication of this article. This article is not legal advice and should not be regarded as such.

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From Our Family to Yours, May Your Holiday Shine with the Light of the Season

I came across the White House’s holiday card today on the internet. It features the First Dog, Bo, napping in front of a fireplace in the White House.

Inside, it says, “From our family to yours, may your holiday shine with the light of the season.” It is signed by the Obamas, including Bo.

The card is lovely. From our family to yours, may your holiday shine with the light of the season.

P.S.W.

(c) Mark Matuszak/ White House; used for news reporting purposes.

Positive Feedback on the Mandatory Information Program (MIP) in Family Law

Earlier this year the Attorney General of Ontario announced the implementation of a mandatory information program for litigants in family law. Many family law lawyers (myself included) were skeptical about the effectiveness of the program. Many litigants, upon learning that attendance of the information program would be mandatory, thought it would be a waste of time.

However, several months later, pieces of positive feedback from individuals (both represented and unrepresented) who attended the program are circulating among family law lawyers.

The program apparently isn’t as dry as most of us thought it would be. Rather, the presenters of the program are well-trained and helpful to the audience. In making their presentation, they use plain language and not legalese. They help the litigants to understand that litigation is only one of the many solutions available to address their family law problems. The presentation, I’ve heard, is actually very informative and (surprisingly) substantial.

For the most part, individuals who have attended the program have found the non-partisan nature of the MIP particularly helpful. Rather than a piece of potentially biased advice from their lawyer, they get to see the bigger picture, such as how the proceeding may affect their children and others around them.

If you’re scheduled to attend one, bring a pencil and a piece of paper with you. You may actually want to write something down.

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‘Tis the Season for Holiday Scams

Yesterday we had our first snowfall in Toronto for the season. Undoubtedly, the holidays are coming.

People are either preoccupied with the coming holidays (Christmas, Kwanza, Hanukkah, Ashura, Boxing Day, New Year’s Day … take your pick) or are looking forward to taking time off work. No doubt, major financial institutions will also be closed for a few days, thereby delaying the clearing of cheques.

While people are otherwise occupied, scammers and fraudsters are taking  advantage of the combination of bank closures and holiday distractions to defraud their victims.

Dan Pennington of LawPRO has said that bad cheque scams are on the rise and warned lawyers taking large sums of trust funds to be vigilant.* He said the scams are becoming more and more sophisticated. Some of the bad cheques could even fool bank tellers.

According to Pennington, a lawyer from St. Catharines was recently suspended for misappropriating trust funds after he was defrauded with fake cheques. The funds from the fake cheques did not clear and resulted in a shortfall in his trust account. The lawyer tried to cover the loss with other clients’ money held in trust. But the shortfall soon became too large, and the lawyer became the subject of an investigation.

In addition to bad cheque scams, “Oklahoma frauds” are resurfacing, according to Jeffrey W. Lem, a partner in the real estate group at Miller Thomson LLP.^ A recent lawsuit was brought alleging $6.5 million in damages as a result of mortgage frauds.

Lem explained in a nutshell how an Oklahoma fraud operates. A fraudster buys a piece of land for a small amount, say $10,000, in an otherwise legitimate transaction. The fraudster then flips the property to an accomplice for a grossly inflated price, say $500,000. The accomplice then goes to the lender for a mortgage against the inflated property value. Typically, the fraudsters rapidly target a single mortgage lender several times before they take off with the proceeds. The lender then is left with collateral properties worth a fraction of the mortgaged value.

*Michael McKiernan, “St. Catharines case shows pitfalls of fake cheques” Law Times (28 November 2011) 13

^Jeffrey W. Lem, “Oklahoma frauds return as scam of choice” Law Times (28 November 2011) 7

This blog is provided for your reference only and is not a substitute for the law. This article is not legal advice and should not be regarded as such.

Lakehead University Update: Seeking Founding Dean for Its New Law School

A while ago I reported that a new law school is coming to Lakehead University at its Thunder Bay campus in Ontario. Step by step, the new law school is becoming a reality.

The new school has now received full approval from the governing authorities, including those of the Federation of Law Societies of Canada and the Lakehead University Senate, to establish a J.D. program.

The school will be the first new law degree program in Ontario in 42 years to offer eligibility for bar admission. The new school will focus on issues relevant to the resource-based Northern Ontario economy, including aboriginal, northern, and rural issues.

Lakehead is now looking for the founding dean for its new school, to be on the job as soon as possible and no later than summer 2012. The first class of 55 students will enrol in 2013 and (hopefully) graduate in 2016.

Ironically, for a new institution that is supposedly going to be focused on northern and rural issues, the university’s search consultant is a firm located at 1 Yonge Street in Toronto, some 1,398 km or 18 hours away by car.

Important Changes to the Federal Child Support Guidelines Coming into Effect December 31, 2011

The Department of Justice announced on November 17, 2011, that it will be updating the Federal Child Support Guidelines with a new child support calculation table for each province. The changes will take effect on December 31, 2011.

Depending on the province, the income level, and the number of children, each new Guidelines table amount may be bigger or smaller than the old one. In other words, it may not be an increase to all payors of child support.

Before the amended Guidelines take effect, child support payable will be calculated according to the 2006 table amount. When the new table amounts come into force, the support obligation will be calculated on a forward-going basis.

With child support amounts being changed, it is likely that spousal support amounts may change as well under the “with child support” and “custodial payor” formulas.

It’s important to note that the new table won’t change existing court orders on either child support or spousal support automatically. If you wish to change the amount payable, you will need to ask the court to make the change. Depending on your individual circumstances, it may or may not be worthwhile. Better to consult a lawyer before you rush to the court to have the child support amount changed.

The last update took place in 2006. The Department updates the Guidelines approximately every five years to reflect changes in provincial and federal tax rules.

This blog is provided for your reference only and is not a substitute for the law. The law may have changed since the publication of this article. This article is not legal advice and should not be regarded as such.

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